Racial and ethnic history of New York City

New York City's racial and ethnic history has been characterized by waves of migration, domestic and international. Although the city has always been diverse ethnically (through European immigration), it was a mostly white city during the first three centuries of its history. That changed after the Great Migration and the Second Great Migration of African Americans in the early and mid 20th century. The city’s racial makeup reflected that of the United States until white flight began to affect the city and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 was passed, which allowed immigration from around the world. By the late 1970's the city had the largest Asian community in the United States, surpassing that of Los Angeles. In recent decades white flight has subsided and gentrification has intensified, which has led to black flight. The last two trends are evident by the recent increase in the white population and the decrease in the black population. Since the early 1990's New York has been a minority-majority city. Today, due to its diversity the city has achieved a cosmopolitan status.

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